Uhlelo Lokuthengisa Lokukhiqiza Izitini
Ukulandela kusukela esihlokweni esedlule sokuhlela ibhizinisi ekwenzeni izitini, lesi sihloko sizokhuluma ngesici sokumaketha sedokhumenti. Lesi sigaba sibaluleke kakhulu kumtshali-zimali - bazofuna ukwazi ukuthi noma unombono omuhle ngomkhiqizo noma isevisi, ukuthi usendaweni efanele ngesikhathi esifanele.
Ucwaningo Lwemakethe
Ingakanani imboni yezokwakha?
Yiziphi izitayela zokwakha?
Iyiphi imakethe oyiqondise?
Ingakanani yaleyo makethe ongayithola?
Zishintsha kanjani izidingo zamakhasimende?
Isibonelo:
Imboni yezokwakha yaseNingizimu Afrika yehle ngama-20% phakathi nobhadane lwango-2020. Ukuntuleka kwemisebenzi kubasebenzi bokwakha ngoNdasa wezi-2021 bekuku-32.5% (okunomthelela kubantu abayizigidi eziyisi-7.2 abangasebenzi). Ukuze kuliwe nale nkinga, uhulumeni uhlele isabelomali sakhe ukuthi sifake u-USD 45.3 wezigidigidi zokuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda, okuhlanganisa nesabelo esithile sezindlu.
IBhange Lomhlaba, Ibhange Lokuthuthukiswa Kwe-Afrika kanye neBhange Lokuthuthukiswa KwaseNingizimu Afrika zeseka uhlelo lokutshalwa kwezimali okulindeleke ukuthi ludale amathuba emisebenzi angaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-1.8 kule minyaka eyishumi ezayo. Ochwepheshe bamanje balindele ukuvuselelwa kwemboni yezokwakha eNingizimu Afrika, okulindeleke ukuthi ikhule ngo-6.2%.
Imboni yezitini, ngokukhethekile, izuze amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-6.196 ngevolumu yokuthengisa kusukela ngo-Ephreli 2019 kuya ku-March 2020. Ngokukhula okulindelekile kwemboni ku-6.2%, lokho kusho ukuthi kuzotholakala enye imali engu-$384million yebhizinisi lezitini elisha kanye nokwandiswa kokukhiqizwa kwebhizinisi elikhona.
Njengoba sisebenza endaweni yethu, silindele ukubona ukwanda kokwakhiwa okusha ngaphambi kwesilinganiso esilindelwe esingu-6.2% futhi sizofika emakethe namabhulokhi kakhonkolo angama-3500 ngosuku akhiqizwayo. Silindele ukuthi amakhasimende azokwandisa isidingo sawo sezinhlobo zezitini ezihlotshaniswayo - yingakho senze isabelomali sokubumba okuhlukahlukene okuzosetshenziswa emshinini wezitini we-Doubell njengoba imakethe ikhula.
Izithiyo Zokungena
Cabangela izindleko zokuqalisa, izindleko zokukhiqiza, izidingo zokumaketha, amakhono abasebenzi adingekayo, ukuba semthethweni, izintela, izitifiketi, njll.
Uhlelo lokumaketha lwenzelwe ukukhombisa umtshali-zimali ukuthi uzicubungule lezi zinto ezikhinyabeza ukwethulwa kwebhizinisi futhi usuqhamuke nezixazululo kunoma yiziphi izinkinga ezingase zibe khona.
Ukwakhiwa kwezitini kungasho ukuthi izitolo ezikhona kakade ngeke zamukele ibhizinisi elisha - mhlawumbe zine-oligopoly emakethe egcina amanani entengo ephezulu. Mhlawumbe ukuhlinzekwa kukasimende kulawulwa abantu abambalwa abacebile futhi izindleko zokuqinisekisa ziphakeme futhi kuncike kumhlinzeki oyedwa kugcinwa. Mhlawumbe inkohlakalo endaweni isho ukuthi kukhona ukugwazelwa okungekho emthethweni okumele kubekelwe isabelomali, ngaphandle komthetho. Umtshali-zimali uzofuna ukwazi inhlolovo ethembekile yendawo kunezindleko ezifihliwe kamuva.
Izinsongo Namathuba
Lokhu kungaba yingxenye yokuhlaziywa kwe-SWOT, okuwumsebenzi wokuthengisa ojwayelekile futhi abatshalizimali oyedwa abajwayelene nakho. Naphezu kokwehluleka kokuhumusha ulimi kwesifinyezo, ngesiNgisi kusho Amandla, Ubuthakathaka, Amathuba kanye Nezinsongo.
Ngokuyisisekelo, udinga ukuhlaziya ibhizinisi kulezi zigaba ukuze unikeze ukuqonda. Ungakwazi ukuhlehlisa i-SWOT uye ezingxenyeni zebhizinisi (ukuphatha, ukukhiqiza, abasebenzi, ukumaketha, ukuthengisa, njll.) kodwa ukubeka nje: ufuna ukucabangela izinto ezingase zithinte izinhlelo zakho zesikhathi esizayo.
Ngemva kokuhlola, kufanele uchaze ukuthi amandla azonqoba kanjani ubuthakathaka nezinsongo, kanye nokuthi amathuba angenziwa kanjani - Khombisa imigomo yesikhathi esifushane neyesikhathi eside yalokhu.
Amandla
Amandla ohlelweni lwebhizinisi ngokuvamile abonisa uhlobo oluthile lwesethi yamakhono noma isiteshi sokuthengisa nokumaketha. Kungase kufane namathuba ngaphandle kokuthi iphuzu eliyinhloko lamandla elizosebenzisa ithuba eliveziwe.
Isibonelo kungaba ukuthi ithimba labaphathi linelungu elafunda noma elinolwazi emkhakheni wezokuthengisa. Lawa amandla azosebenzisa lelo khono lapho uthengisa ama-oda ezitini kumakhasimende. Ngokufanayo, mhlawumbe ilungu linobudlelwano obuhle ne-accountancy futhi lingakwazi ukuphatha ukugcinwa kwamabhuku.
Ubuthakathaka
Nakuba umtshali-zimali efuna impendulo eyakhayo nekhuthazayo ohlelweni lwebhizinisi, bazophinde bafune ukwazi nganoma yiziphi izinkinga ezingase zibe khona. Ukuhlaziya ubuthakathaka kuzobonisa ukwethembeka; kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu izokhombisa ukuhlolwa okuhlosiwe kwezingozi ezingase zibhekane nazo. Lokhu kucabanga kusengaphambili kuzonxephezela lokho okutholakele.
Akudingekile ukuba kube okomuntu siqu njengokukhomba ukuthi ilungu eliphethe linomlutha wokugembula. Kufanele kube yinkinga kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nokuncintisana embonini. Ekwenzeni izitini, kungenzeka ukuthi abekho abasebenzi abanekhono abajwayele ukwenza izitini emphakathini.
Ngemuva kokuhlaziywa okugcwele kwe-SWOT, kufanele unikeze izinyathelo zesenzo ukuze usebenzise okuhle nezinyathelo zokulungisa ukuze umelane nokubi. Isibonelo, ukuntula ikhono njengobuthakathaka kusho ukuthi isabelomali semali kufanele siye ekuqeqesheni.
Amathuba
Uma kukhona okuqaphelekayo ukuthi umncintiswano awuzange uqaphele; noma umncintiswano awuzange wenze ngokuvumelana nolwazi - leli yithuba. Uma kunegunya le-BBEEE (uhlelo lwaseNingizimu Afrika lokuncamela abantu “ababencishwe amathuba phambilini”) ukuthengwa kwezitini futhi ibhizinisi lakho liyahambisana, lelo yithuba; ikakhulukazi uma umncintiswano wakho ungekho.
Uma kukhona umfula endaweni yakho ohlinzeka ngesihlabathi somfula samahhala, lelo yithuba lokunciphisa izindleko zakho ezihlanganisiwe.
Uma kunendawo yomndeni ekuvumela ukuthi usebenze ngaphandle kwerenti, lelo yithuba.
Amathuba anikeza ithuba lokuthanda impumelelo lapho uqala ibhizinisi elisha futhi abatshalizimali bazoba maningi amathuba okuba bajoyine.
Izinsongo
Iziphi izinguquko ongazilindela eziqondisweni noma emthethweni kahulumeni ezingase zithiye ukusebenza kwakho. Kungase kuhlobane nomkhiqizo (imfuneko entsha yamandla ezitini enikeziwe) noma okuthile okuthinta ibhizinisi (isitifiketi sokugunyazwa kwentela, ilayisensi ekhethekile eyethulwe, njll.)
Izici Zomkhiqizo Nezinzuzo
Chaza isitini esizokhiqizwa yileli bhizinisi. Kudingeka ukucaciswa kobukhulu. Njengoba lesi kuyisigaba sohlelo lokumaketha, qiniseka ukuthi ugxile ekutheni yiziphi izitini esezivele zitholakala kukhasimende nokuthi yini abangayilindela uma bezothenga kuwe.
Ezinye izihloko ezihlobene okufanele zixoxwe zifaka inqubomgomo yokubuyiselwa kwemali, ukuqinisekiswa kwekhwalithi, ukulethwa komkhiqizo. Akuwona wonke amakhasimende azoba nezidingo ezifanayo emandleni omkhiqizo kodwa kungase kungabi lula ukuhlela ukukhiqizwa ukuze kube namandla omkhiqizo ahlukene; Ngakho-ke ungakhetha ukuba namandla okusevisa wonke amakhasimende kodwa uthathe inzuzo encane ngokuba nenani elincintisanayo. Lokhu kungabonakala njengesinqumo sokunikeza izitini eziphezulu ngemali engaphansi kwalabo esiqhudelana nabo njengendlela yokunamathela esitatimendeni semishini yebhizinisi.
Ikhasimende Eliqondisiwe
Izifanekiso zohlelo lwebhizinisi zivame ukubeka ukugcizelela okukhulu kulesi sigaba ngokuya ngamaphrofayili ezibalo zabantu. Cishe iwusizo kakhulu ebhizinisini elithengisa imfashini kunezitini; Kodwa-ke, umtshali-zimali usazofuna ukwazi ukuthi hlobo luni lwekhasimende elihlonziwe.
Ngokuvamile, ukuthengiswa kwezitini ngokuvamile kuhloselwe abantu abalungisa ikhaya noma amabhizinisi athengisa kabusha noma asebenzisa izitini ekwakheni. (Uyakhumbula ukujwayela kwalokhu? Yingoba sixoxe kafushane ngalesi sihloko encazelweni yenkampani - bekuhloselwe ukuba kube isifinyezo salesi sigaba)
Abasebenzisi bokugcina babhekisela kosonkontileka abathenga izitini futhi abasabalalisi bangabhekisela emabhizinisini athenga izitini ngesamba esikhulu. Abantu ngeke baphinde ukuthenga kwabo njalo kuyilapho abathengisi bempahla bephinde bathenge njalo. Lokhu kuqonda kungase kubangele ukuthi ucabangele ukuthi ungazisingatha kanjani izicelo zekhredithi zezimpahla ezithengwe nge-akhawunti (amakhasimende athembekile). Ukunikeza isikweletu kuyindlela yokukhuthaza ukuthengisa kodwa kungase kubangele ukuncipha kwesitoko.
Izimbangi Key
Kuhlale kunokuncintisana. Kungaba i-niche noma ibe banzi - kufanele kukhonjwe ukuze kungeneke. Abanye abakhiqizi bezitini endaweni bazoba ukuncintisana okuqondile. Abanye abakhi bezitini ngaphandle kwedolobha basengase banikeze ukuncintisana uma amakhasimende endawo okwamanje ethutha izitini esuka kubo. Amabhizinisi athengisa izitini (ngisho noma engazenzi) nawo athathwa njengokuncintisana, ngisho noma azogcina futhi adayise umkhiqizo wakho. Abasabalalisi bazodinga inani elincishisiwe ukuze bakwazi ukwenza inzuzo. Benza imali ngokuthengisa kabusha futhi uthola isiteshi sokusabalalisa ukuze ucindezele umthamo wokuthengisa.
Ubufakazi bubalulekile lapha - qiniseka ukuthi ufaka izingcaphuno ezincintisanayo kusithasiselo.
Izimbangi ezingaqondile amabhizinisi azonciphisa imali etholakalayo amakhasimende azoyisebenzisa ohlotsheni lomkhiqizo wakho. Isibonelo, ukuba ngumkhiqizi wezitini zikakhonkolo kusho ukuthi amakhasimende athenga izitini zikakhonkolo. Uma amakhasimende eqiniseka ukuthi athenge izitini zobumba ngakho-ke awathengi emqhudelwaneni wakho oqondile kanjalo (sikhona indawo yenkulumo-mpikiswano lapha, kodwa isibonelo kufanele sibonise lokho okushiwo kahle ngokwanele).
Uthango kuyindlela ehlukile yomkhiqizo yezindonga zezitini zendabuko. Ukuthuthukiswa kokumaketha kwemikhiqizo yokubiya kusho ukuthi amakhasimende achitha imali encane ezitini ukuze akhe izindonga zomngcele. Lesi esinye isibonelo sombangi ongaqondile. Qaphela lezi zinto ezingaba izithiyo ekuthengisweni kwebhizinisi lakho.
Ukuhlaziya Ukuncintisana
Amakhasimende azohlala eqhathanisa imikhiqizo phakathi kwabahlinzeki. Ukuze ulindele lokhu, yisikhathi sokucabanga njengekhasimende ukuze uhlole ukuthi yiliphi inani elibekwe ezintweni zokuthengiswayo.
Ibanga lomkhiqizo
Inani
Ikhwalithi
Ukukhetha
Isevisi
Ukwethembeka
Uchwepheshe
Idumela
Indawo
Ukubukeka
I-akhawunti / ukutholakala kwekhredithi
Ukukhangisa
Ukuqhathanisa ibhizinisi nokuncintisana kokunye kwalezi zici kuzokwazisa incazelo yezinzuzo zokuncintisana kanye nokubi.
Ukuma Kwemakethe
Ngokuhlola okucwaningiwe kulesi sigaba kuze kube manje, yisikhathi sokuchaza ukuthi ufuna ukwethula kanjani ibhizinisi lakho kumakhasimende. Lesi sigaba kufanele sibonise isikhundla sakho emakethe ehlukene oyihlonze kuze kube manje.
Isibonelo:
Umphakathi unentshisekelo ecacile yokwenza ngcono izimo zawo zokuhlala. Iningi labantu alizimisele ukulinda ukuthi uhulumeni ahlinzeke ngezindlu zamahhala, okungase kuthathe iminyaka ukuthi uhlelo lufike. Njengoba besebenzisa imali yabo, ukugxila kwabakhi abancane kubalulekile. Ibhizinisi lizohlinzeka nge-akhawunti yezitini nochwepheshe ababhalisiwe ukuze basize ekungeneni kwemali yabo. Ukudiliva kuzohlinzekwa futhi kosonkontileka abazisebenzayo ngaphandle kwemoto yokuthutha. Naphezu kokugcizelelwa kwentengo ethengekayo, kuzoqinisekiswa ukuthi izitini zisezingeni likazwelonke ngokuhlolwa ngezikhathi ezithile. Sifuna ukwakha ubudlelwano bobuqotho nabasebenzi bokwakha basendaweni okuyinto abasabalalisi abakhulu abahlulekayo ukuyenza.
Iziteshi Zokukhangisa Nezokumaketha
Khetha indlela efanelekile yokuxhumana namakhasimende. Ezweni lapho ingqalasizinda noma imfundo ishoda khona, ukukhangisa nge-imeyili noma ngocingo oluhlakaniphile akubonakali kunengqondo. Ngokulinganayo, ukusebenzisa imali eningi esikhangisweni se-tv kazwelonke akufaneleki lapho ifekthri yezitini isebenza kuphela endaweni yendawo. Cabangela imisakazo nemidiya yokuphrinta (amaphephandaba, omagazini, njll.) ngaphezu kwezikhangiso eziku-inthanethi nomabonakude.
Izikhangisi ziwukuphusha okusebenzayo ukuze kuqashelwe ukwazisa abangase babe ngamakhasimende ukuthi izitini ziyatholakala ukuze zidayiswe. Enye indlela enhle yokukhangisa ukugxumeka ibhodi elikhombisa izimpawu eduze komgwaqo onguthelawayeka; ikakhulukazi uma ukwazile ukuthola indawo kulowo mgwaqo.
Isabelomali Sokuphromotha
Umgomo wokukhangisa uwukuthuthukisa ukuthengisa. Kuwumgomo oyisisekelo kakhulu wokumaketha: Kubo bonke abantu abayi-1000 ababona isikhangiso somkhiqizo wakho, bangaki abantu abazoqhubeka nokuthenga? Leyo mpendulo incike endleleni ukukhangisa kwakho okwenziwa ngayo (okuxoxwe ngayo esigabeni sangaphambilini) kodwa ukukala akuhlali kunembile.
Okubaluleke kakhulu ngenxa yesabelomali yikhono lokuhlinzeka. Uma usebenzisa yonke inzuzo yakho eningi ekukhangiseni, cishe uzoheha amakhasimende amaningi afuna ukuthenga izitini. Uma ungakwazi ukuhlinzeka ngalezo zitini, lawo makhasimende azoya emncintiswaneni ongahlinzeka. Ungabona ukuthi ikhono lakho lokuhlinzeka ngezidingo kufanele lifane nesabelomali sokukhangisa ngendlela efanele.
Ngempahla yezitini, ukukhangisa cishe kuzoba ephepheni; njengepheshana (kubahlinzeki-mpahla, kosonkontileka, noma eposini) noma njengebhodi lezimpawu eziseceleni komgwaqo.
Isabelomali kufanele sibe nezindleko eziphuma kanye kanye nezindleko eziphindaphindiwe (zenyanga noma zonyaka). Uma ibhizinisi seliqalile, kuzoba lula ukubona ukuthi yiliphi iphesenti lenzuzo okufanele labiwe ukuze kugcinwe ukuthengiswa noma ukukhulisa ibhizinisi liye ekwandeni.
Intengo
Inhloso yokuthola intengo efanele yesitini ukukhulisa imali engenayo yokuthengisa. Uma uthengise izitini zakho ngo-$0.01 uzothengisa ngesitoko sakho kodwa ulahlekelwe ngokwezimali. Uma usetha inani lokuthengisa lezitini ku-$100 sisinye ngeke uthengise izitini, ungatholi mali futhi usenokulahlekelwa ngokwezimali. Impendulo yenani elifanele inani amakhasimende azimisele ukulikhokha, okufanele lifane nekhono lakho lokukhiqiza nokufaka esikhundleni. Lokhu kulungiswa kalula ngokwenani lemakethe (njengoba abancintisana nabo benze lokhu kuzimisela ngokuzama nangephutha kakade).
Uma amakhasimende eqhathanisa izitini zakho nabancintisana nabo, bazokwahlulela ngentengo, ikhwalithi nokutholakala (futhi ngezinga elithile, isevisi yebhizinisi). Izinhlelo zebhizinisi ngokuvamile zizosho ukuthi intengo ayihlukanisi nokuthi kufanele ugxile kwikhwalithi futhi unikeze intengo yemakethe - lokho akulona iqiniso. Uma unekhwalithi efanayo futhi unciphisa oncintisana naye, amakhasimende azoza kuwe futhi lowo oqhudelana naye angase ephuze ukulungisa.
Izitini kunzima ukuzimaketha kumakhasimende afuna ukukhokha inani elincane. Udinga ukwahlulela ukuthi ingabe imakethe ayinalo ubuciko kule manor; ngokwanele ukucindezela ifilosofi yakho ngekhwalithi. Uma izinkampani zokwakha zidinga isitifiketi sekhwalithi futhi zenze iningi lokuthengisa, abantu abambalwa abakhononda ngentengo akufanele bakubangele ukuthi ushintshe intengo yokuthengisa. Kuyohlale kukhona abantu abazofuna intengo eshibhile kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ushibhile kangakanani umkhiqizo.
Ohlelweni lwebhizinisi, qala njalo ngenani lemakethe elikhona (nobufakazi obunamathiselwe kusithasiselo) bese ubhala izizathu zokuthi kungani isu lakho lentengo lingaphezulu noma lingaphansi kwaleyo ntengo yemakethe.
Isibonelo:
Ukuhlaziywa kwabahlinzeki bendawo abaqhudelanayo bemikhiqizo ye-Strong Bricks LLC ezokhiqizwa kukhombisa izinga lemakethe elikhona loMkhiqizo A ku-$1.50, uMkhiqizo B ube ngu-$2.15 kanye noMkhiqizo C ongu-$2.90. (Bheka Isithasiselo)
Njengoba ibhizinisi liqala futhi linikeza iphromoshini, sihlose ukuza emakethe ngokuncintisana okungu-±15% kunenani lemakethe: Umkhiqizo A: $1.29 Umkhiqizo B: $1.89 Umkhiqizo C: $2.49
Le ntengo yokuphromotha izohlala izinyanga ezingu-3 ngaphambi kokukhuphukela esilinganisweni semakethe (esilindele ukuthi sizokwehla kunesilinganiso samanje njengoba ukuncintisana kuphoqeleka ukwehlisa amanani).
Ngaleso sikhathi, sizobe simaketha izinga lethu eliphakeme ngamandla. Ngisho nangemva kokuba amanani enyukile, isici sekhwalithi esithuthukisiwe sizoqhuba ukugcinwa kwamakhasimende esikhundleni sokubuyela emqhudelwaneni. Lokhu kuzokwenziwa ngokukhuphula izindleko zikasimende ngama-35% (ezilinganiso ezilindelekile zamandla aqathaniswa nezimakethe), kunikeze isamba senzuzo encishisiwe yama-29% emazingeni emakethe. Nakuba lokhu kuphezulu, siyaqiniseka ukuthi kuhlanganisa ukukhuphuka komkhiqizo wenzuzo ngaphezu kokulahlekelwa yinzuzo, okuzodala ibhizinisi elizinzile lesikhathi esizayo.
Indawo
Izindleko ezinkulu zokwenziwa kwezitini empeleni zisezithengisweni zomkhiqizo - izindleko zokuthutha. Uma intengo yokulethwa, izindleko zikaphethiloli, umshayeli, ukuguga nokuguga kokusetshenziswa kwemoto, ukuphuka kwezinto zokuhamba, njll. kukalwa ngebanga elihanjiwe.
Enye yezinzuzo zokuqala ibhizinisi elisha lezitini ukukwazi ukuma eduze namakhasimende kunomncintiswano. Lokhu kuvumela ukuqoqwa kwendawo kanye nokunciphisa izindleko zokulethwa. Nazi ezinye zokucatshangelwa kwebhizinisi lokukhiqiza izitini:
Ukusondela kumakhasimende
Ibanga ukusuka enkwalini eseduze
Ibanga ukusuka emsebenzini (abasebenzi bangafika ebhizinisini)
Ukulungiswa kwendawo (amahhovisi akhona, isilebhu sikasimende, umthombo wamanzi, ugesi)
Amabhizinisi axhumene eduze
Okuthe xaxa ngephuzu lokugcina - uma umisa eduze kwamabhizinisi ahlotshaniswayo (ezinye izindawo ezihlobene nokwakhiwa) lapho abangaba khona amakhasimende akho bazokubona ngaphandle kwesidingo sokukhangisa okwengeziwe. Kuzoba lula futhi ukuchaza indawo yakho ngocingo kanye nokuqoqwa lapho belanda ezinye izimpahla eziseduze.
Ukusabalalisa
Ukuthengisa izitini ngokuvamile kwenziwa ngokuqondile, kusetshenziswa umthengisi wezitini (njengesitolo sezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha) noma kumthengi weqembu. Ukuthengisa ngokuqondile kuvame ukwenziwa uma ikhasimende elingase liza kuwe ngqo. Izitini aziyona imikhiqizo abantu abazoyithenga lapho bengayidingi ngakho ukuthengisa "indlu ngendlu" akuyona indlela ephumelelayo ngempela.
Ukusebenzisa umthengisi ngokuvamile kuzosho ukuthatha inzuzo encane (isaphulelo kubadayisi) kodwa bayoba nabasebenzi abazobhekana namakhasimende, bazokwazisa amakhasimende ngemikhiqizo efanelekile, futhi bazothembeka ekukhokheni. Bazoba nesabo isabelomali sokumaketha ongazuza kuso.
Enye inzuzo yokuba nomthengisi indawo yakhe kungenzeka ibe kwenye indawo okusho ukuthi kufinyeleleke kakhulu emphakathini. Abathengisi abaningi bazophinde baphathe isitoko emagcekeni abo ngaphandle kokuthi ukhokhe izindleko zesitoreji, bakhulule indawo yakho ukuze bathole isitoko esengeziwe.
Enye into okufanele uyicabangele ukubeka imikhiqizo yakho lapho umncintiswano ukhona. Uma ungakwazi ukuthengisa izitini zakho kubadayisi abafanayo njengomncintiswano, ikhasimende cishe lizokhetha izitini zakho ezishibhile neziqinile lapho linquma.